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GASTRO-INTESTINAL PROBLEMS

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This page is part of the PanCare PLAIN summaries about late effects and recommendations for long-term follow-up care for survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer. Click here, for more information on the PLAIN summaries.
PLAIN version 4: 01/04/2026

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This PLAIN summary is based on the PanCareFollowUp guideline about “Gastro-intestinal problems” [1] , which is based on the consensus of different national guidelines.

[/fusion_text][fusion_button target=”_blank” color=”custom” linear_angle=”180″ stretch=”default” icon_position=”left” icon_divider=”no” hover_transition=”icon_slide” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” link=”https://pancaresurfup.eu/pancare-follow-up-recommendations-for-surveillance-of-late-effects/gastro-intestinal-problems/” button_gradient_top_color=”var(–awb-color3)” button_gradient_bottom_color=”var(–awb-color3)” icon=”fa-arrow-alt-circle-right fas” border_radius_top_left=”10px” border_radius_top_right=”10px” border_radius_bottom_right=”10px” border_radius_bottom_left=”10px”]Read the PanCare Follow-Up guideline for healthcare professionals[/fusion_button][/fusion_builder_column_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ margin_bottom=”0px” last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_separator style_type=”single|dotted” flex_grow=”0″ height=”20″ alignment=”center” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” sep_color=”var(–awb-color5)” border_size=”3″ top_margin=”20px” bottom_margin=”20px” /][fusion_accordion border_size=”0″ title_tag=”h4″ icon_size=”15″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” inactive_icon=”fa-angle-double-down fas” active_icon=”fa-angle-double-up fas” boxed_mode=”yes” icon_box_color=”var(–awb-color6)” toggle_hover_accent_color=”var(–awb-color7)” divider_line=”no” padding_left=”12px” border_color=”var(–awb-color2)” class=”custom-toggle” hover_color=”var(–awb-color3)” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)”][fusion_toggle title=”Click to open page menu” open=”no” content_color=”var(–awb-color8)” title_color=”var(–awb-color6)”]

• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Introduction” class=”” id=””]Gastro-intestinal problems[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Am” class=”” id=””]Am I at higher risk of gastro-intestinal problems?[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Whatare” class=”” id=””]What are the symptoms and signs of gastro-intestinal problems?[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Whathappens” class=”” id=””]What happens if I have gastro-intestinal problems?[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Whatelse” class=”” id=””]What else can I do?[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Where” class=”” id=””]Where can I find more information?[/fusion_one_page_text_link]
• [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#Please” class=”” id=””]Please note[/fusion_one_page_text_link]

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Gastro-intestinal problems

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When we swallow our food, it passes through the food pipe (oesophagus) and into the stomach. Here the food is broken down into smaller bits. The food then moves to the bowels (intestines), where the water and [fusion_modal_text_link name=”nutrients” class=”” id=””]nutrients[/fusion_modal_text_link] from the food are absorbed. What is left is stool, which is stored in the rectum until you poo. All the organs that food travels through make up the gastro-intestinal tract.

Sometimes problems can occur with the gastro-intestinal tract. Gastro-intestinal problems include:

• Obstruction, where a part of the gastro-intestinal tract narrows. This makes it more difficult for food to pass through.
• Gallstones, which are small stones that form in the gallbladder. If the stones become too big, they can obstruct the opening of the gallbladder.
• Chronic inflammation, which is caused by an infection of the gastro-intestinal tract or an underlying disease.
• A gastro-intestinal fistula. This is an abnormal opening or hole which allows fluids to seep through from the bowels to another part of the body.
• Malabsorption, where not enough [fusion_modal_text_link name=”nutrients” class=”” id=””]nutrients [/fusion_modal_text_link]are absorbed from the food.
• Nerve damage, which can cause stool to leak from the anus.

[/fusion_text][fusion_modal title=”Nutrients” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”nutrients”]Nutrients are the substances in food that our bodies process to enable it to function. 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Created with BioRender.com
Hover over the letters/numbers in the figure for more information.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_modal title=”Gastro” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”gastro”]

[/fusion_modal][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ margin_bottom=”0px” hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” first=”true” spacing_left=”3%” spacing_left_small=”5%” spacing_right_small=”5%” spacing_right=”3%” margin_top=”20px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” padding_top=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_left=”20px” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Am” /][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

Am I at higher risk of gastro-intestinal problems?

[/fusion_text][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

Anyone, including people who have never had cancer treatment, may develop gastro-intestinal problems. However, there are some cancer treatments that may increase the risk of having gastro-intestinal problems later in life. The problems that can occur depend on the type of cancer treatment received.

The following treatments can increase the risk of gastro-intestinal problems:

• [fusion_modal_text_link name=”radio” class=”” id=””]Radiotherapy[/fusion_modal_text_link] to the gastro-intestinal tract or an area that includes the gastro-intestinal tract can cause problems in the area that was treated.
• Surgery to the oesophagus or abdomen can cause problems in the area that was operated on.
• [fusion_modal_text_link name=”stemcell” class=”” id=””]Stem cell transplantation[/fusion_modal_text_link] can cause problems when [fusion_modal_text_link name=”gvhd” class=”” id=””]graft-versus-host disease (GvHD)[/fusion_modal_text_link] occurs in the gastro-intestinal tract.

You can find out if you have received any of these treatments by looking at your treatment summary. If you do not have a treatment summary or if you have any questions, do contact your treating hospital.

If you experience gastro-intestinal problems, it does not always mean that it was caused by your cancer treatment. Gastro-intestinal problems may have [fusion_modal_text_link name=”othercauses” class=”” id=””]other causes[/fusion_modal_text_link].

[/fusion_text][fusion_modal title=”Graft versus host disease” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”gvhd”]Graft versus host disease, also called GvHD, is a possible complication of stem cell transplantations.

Stem cell transplantation is a type of cancer treatment that involves taking stem cells from the blood of a donor (‘graft’) and putting them in your body (‘host’). Sometimes these stem cells can attack your own cells because they falsely recognize them as foreign and attack them. This is called GvHD.

GvHD can have serious health implications when you are experiencing it but it can also put you at higher risk of some late effects.[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal title=”Stem cell transplantation” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”stemcell”]Blood stem cells are special cells that the body can use to make blood cells. Blood cells are a group of cells that include white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets. Blood stem cells have their origin in the bone marrow and during their development, they enter the blood vessel system.

Stem cell transplantation means that blood stem cells are taken out of the body of a person and transplanted back into the same person (autologous) or to another person (allogeneic).

This procedure is often used to treat diseases such as leukaemia and lymphoma, and some solid tumours (such as neuroblastoma) as well as certain immune system and genetic disorders.

There are different types of stem cell transplants, including:

1. Autologous Transplant: Uses the patient’s own stem cells, which are harvested before treatments like chemotherapy or radiation and then returned to the body to help recover.
2. Allogeneic Transplant: Uses stem cells from a donor. The donor can be a relative (often a sibling) or someone unrelated with a matching tissue type.

The blood stem cells can be harvested in different ways. They can either be taken out of the blood stream (peripheral blood stem cell transplantation) or out of the bone marrow (bone marrow transplantation).

During the transplantation process, the patient often undergoes a treatment to kill the diseased bone marrow cells before receiving the new stem cells through an intravenous line, similar to a blood transfusion. After the transplant, it takes time for the new stem cells to grow and start producing healthy blood cells, during which the patient needs close medical care to prevent and manage potential complications, such as infections or graft-versus-host disease (in case of allogeneic transplants).[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal title=”Other causes” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”othercauses”]Some late effects can be caused by other things than the primary cancer or cancer treatment. You can discuss these causes with your general practitioner or follow-up care specialist.[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal title=”Radiotherapy” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”radio”]Radiotherapy refers to the use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and to shrink tumours. The radiation may come from a machine outside the body or from radioactive material that is placed in the body near cancer cells. Even though modern techniques allow physicians to target the cancer cells more precisely than older techniques, healthy cells may still be affected or even get damaged.

Your treatment summary can tell you which areas of your body were irradiated. If you do not have a treatment summary or if you don’t understand what is written about the radiotherapy you received, do contact your treating hospital.

Radiotherapy is a treatment for cancer which uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells and to shrink tumours. The radiation comes from a machine outside the body (external beam radiotherapy) or occasionally from radioactive material that is placed in the body near cancer cells (intracavitary or interstitial radiotherapy). The aim of radiotherapy is to treat only one area of the body, around and near the cancer or where the cancer was before it was removed by surgery and as far as possible to protect unaffected areas. For example, if you have cancer in your lung, you will have radiation only to your chest, not to your whole body.

External beam radiotherapy is painless and takes only a few minutes. It is given once or occasionally twice a day often for several weeks. A radiation beam is like an invisible light beam. The machines which produce the radiation beam can be moved so that the beam enters the body from different directions, ‘spotlighting’ on the area to be treated. This means that the tumour is given a high dose whilst normal areas get either a lower or no dose at all.

Since the early 1980’s computers and other technical advances have improved radiotherapy. Before this there were not many ways to protect normal tissues which were in the path of a radiation beam. Even now, whilst modern techniques allow doctors to target the cancer cells more precisely than older techniques, healthy cells may still get damaged. This can result in some of the late effects covered in the PLAIN summaries. It will help you and your follow up specialist to know what long term effects there might be after your radiotherapy if you and they have your treatment summary.

Your treatment summary can tell you which areas of your body were irradiated. If you do not have a treatment summary or if you don’t understand what is written about the radiotherapy you received, please contact your treating hospital.[/fusion_modal][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” padding_top=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_left=”20px” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Whatare” /][fusion_text animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky”]

What are the [fusion_modal_text_link name=”symp” class=”” id=””]symptoms and signs[/fusion_modal_text_link] of gastro-intestinal problems?

[/fusion_text][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

There are symptoms and signs that can tell you if you might have gastro-intestinal problems. You might not have these symptoms and signs at the moment, but it is important to be aware of them in case they may develop in the future.

These symptoms may suggest that you have gastro-intestinal problems:

• [fusion_modal_text_link name=”pain” class=”” id=””]Pain[/fusion_modal_text_link] in the abdomen (belly pain)
• Unexplained weight loss
• Difficulty swallowing
• Feeling bloated, nauseous and/or vomiting
• The stool is abnormal or different from usual for a longer period of time
• Stool leaking from the anus (incontinence)
• Yellow coloured eyes and/or skin. This is also known as icterus or jaundice.

Usually gastro-intestinal problems are temporary and the problems will usually go away on their own. However, if you experience any of these symptoms or signs for a longer time period and/or if you feel very unwell, please contact your general practitioner or follow-up care specialist.

[/fusion_text][fusion_modal title=”Symptoms and signs” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”symp”]It is important to be aware that the provided list of symptoms and signs does not replace consulting your health care professional and should not be used to diagnose yourself. The list does not include all possible symptoms or signs of gastro-intestinal problems. Also some symptoms and signs are nonspecific and might have a different cause than gastro-intestinal problems.[/fusion_modal][fusion_modal title=”Pain” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”pain”]Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience that is associated with actual or impending tissue damage. It is one of the earliest, most frequent and most striking experiences of every human being and is vital for survival.

From a physical point of view, pain is a life-sustaining biological reaction to damaging influences – even if tissue damage has not yet occurred. Due to its function as a damage indicator or warning, pain is usually associated with negative feelings so that we pay sufficient attention to it and learn as quickly as possible when it is dangerous for us. How intensely we feel a pain stimulus, whether it causes us to feel fear and panic, depends not only on the pure nerve signal, but is an interplay of biological, psychological and social factors.

All pain whose duration exceeds the extent of an acute (recent) cause and lasts for an incomprehensibly long time is called chronic pain. Strong and prolonged pain stimuli can make the transmitting nerve cells of the spinal cord and brain more sensitive to subsequent pain stimuli. This means that even mild stimuli can be perceived as severe pain. Under certain circumstances, these nerve cells, which have become hypersensitive[/fusion_modal][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” padding_top=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_left=”20px” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Whathappens” /][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

What happens if I have gastro-intestinal problems?

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If you have gastro-intestinal problems, your general practitioner or follow-up care specialist will probably refer you to a specialist. Depending on the symptoms and/or signs you experience, you may be referred to a:

• Gastrointestinal or colorectal surgeon (surgeon specialised in the digestive system)
• Gastro-enterologist (physician specialised in the digestive system)

The specialist may do further testing and discuss treatment different options with you.

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” padding_top=”15px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_left=”20px” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Whatelse” /][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

What else can I do?

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Experiencing gastro-intestinal problems can be difficult. Talking to friends and family can be helpful as well as specialist counselling and/or contact with support groups, such as patient organisations. For more information on taking care of your mental health, please read: Mental health problems.

To lower the risk of gastro-intestinal problems, it is very important to live a [fusion_modal_text_link name=”healthy” class=”” id=””]healthy lifestyle[/fusion_modal_text_link]. Taking care of your mental health may be beneficial; even small changes to your lifestyle can have a positive impact on both your physical and mental health. For more information on taking up a healthier lifestyle, please read: Health promotion.

It is important that you are aware of the possibility of developing gastro-intestinal problems and that you know the symptoms and signs. If you have any further questions or the information in this brochure concerns you, please contact your general practitioner or follow-up care specialist.

[/fusion_text][fusion_modal title=”Healthy lifestyle” size=”large” show_footer=”yes” name=”healthy”]Generally, a healthy lifestyle includes, but is not limited to:

• Having a healthy diet
• Drinking less (or no) alcohol
• Exercising regularly
• Quitting smoking (if you smoke)

Your follow-up care specialist or general practitioner may give you additional advice tailored to your individual situation for maintaining a healthy lifestyle. For more information on taking up a healthier lifestyle, please read: Health promotion.[/fusion_modal][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” padding_top=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_left=”20px” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Where” /][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

Where can I find more information?

[/fusion_text][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

You may find more information about gastro-intestinal problems online. However, it is important to be aware that this information is not always up to date or accurate.

Some sources of further information are:

• NHS: Here you can find more information about digestive health
• Together: Here you can find more information about digestive problems after cancer or its treatment

On this website, you can also find more information related to this topic:

• Health promotion
• Subsequent neoplasms: Colorectal cancer
• Liver problems
• Mental health

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_1″ type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ align_self=”auto” content_layout=”column” align_content=”flex-start” valign_content=”flex-start” content_wrap=”wrap” center_content=”no” column_tag=”div” target=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” order_medium=”0″ order_small=”0″ hover_type=”none” border_style=”solid” box_shadow=”no” box_shadow_blur=”0″ box_shadow_spread=”0″ background_type=”single” gradient_start_position=”0″ gradient_end_position=”100″ gradient_type=”linear” radial_direction=”center center” linear_angle=”180″ lazy_load=”none” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_blend_mode=”none” sticky=”off” sticky_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” absolute=”off” filter_type=”regular” filter_hover_element=”self” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″ transform_type=”regular” transform_hover_element=”self” transform_scale_x=”1″ transform_scale_y=”1″ transform_translate_x=”0″ transform_translate_y=”0″ transform_rotate=”0″ transform_skew_x=”0″ transform_skew_y=”0″ transform_scale_x_hover=”1″ transform_scale_y_hover=”1″ transform_translate_x_hover=”0″ transform_translate_y_hover=”0″ transform_rotate_hover=”0″ transform_skew_x_hover=”0″ transform_skew_y_hover=”0″ transition_duration=”300″ transition_easing=”ease” scroll_motion_devices=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″ last=”true” border_position=”all” background_color=”var(–awb-color3)” first=”true” border_radius_top_left=”30px” border_radius_top_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_right=”30px” border_radius_bottom_left=”30px” padding_top=”15px” padding_right=”20px” padding_bottom=”15px” padding_left=”20px” min_height=”” link=””][fusion_menu_anchor name=”Please” /][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

Please note

[/fusion_text][fusion_text hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_delay=”0″]

This PLAIN summary is based on the PanCare Follow-Up guideline about “Gastro-intestinal problems” [fusion_one_page_text_link link=”#1″ class=”” id=””][1][/fusion_one_page_text_link], which is based on the consensus of different national guidelines.

While the PanCare PLAIN information group strives to provide accurate and complete information that is up-to-date as of the date of publication, you can check with your general practitioner or follow-up care specialist if this summary reflects the most up-to-date information available and whether it is relevant for you.

Please do not rely solely on this information. It is best to also seek the advice of a qualified medical practitioner if you have questions regarding a specific medical condition, disease, diagnosis or symptom.

No warranty or representation, expressed or implied, is made concerning the accuracy, reliability, completeness, relevance, or timeliness of this information. PanCare has produced the English version and PanCare is not responsible for the translated versions of this summary.

The PanCare materials are free to use for anyone aiming to inform about late effects and long-term survivorship care. However, no financial advantage may be achieved. All communication should reference PanCare and link to the PanCare website.

[1] van Kalsbeek, R. et al. (2021) European PANCAREFOLLOWUP recommendations for surveillance of late effects of childhood, adolescent, and Young Adult Cancer, European journal of cancer. Available at: https://www.ejcancer.com/article/S0959-8049(21)00368-3/fulltext.

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PanCareFollowUp has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 824982. The material presented and views expressed here are the responsibility of the author(s) only. The EU Commission takes no responsibility for any use made of the information set out.

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EU-CAYAS-NET was co-funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Health and Digital Executive Agency (HaDEA). Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

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